In the first half of the year, the sales of new energy vehicles was 2.248 million, more than doubling. It is estimated that 6 million vehicles will be sold this year, with a penetration rate of more than 27%, compared with 13.6% last year. In the context of global double carbon and energy transformation, new energy related industries are the most promising and explosive fields in the future economy. The development of the global new energy industry mainly includes three main track fields: from electrification to intelligence, from coal power to green power + energy storage, and from lithium battery to hydrogen energy battery.
First, new energy related consumer application fields, mainly including new energy vehicles, new energy batteries, intelligent driving, etc. The application of new energy vehicles is booming and rapidly penetrating. In the future, from electric to intelligent, the era of software defined vehicles is coming.
Second, the construction of clean electric energy related to new energy, including power supply engineering and power grid system construction, will move from coal power to "green power + energy storage" in the future. The current new energy vehicles are not the final solution, and even have the concept of pseudo new energy. They are mainly based on coal power. In the future, the "green power + energy storage" mode can be considered as real new energy. The final dream mainly includes renewable power generation and comprehensive utilization of power, such as wind power, photovoltaic and other upstream clean energy alternatives, such as the new generation power grid and new energy storage that are friendly to grid connection of new energy. The construction of new energy power supply projects can balance the energy structure, increase the proportion of non fossil energy in primary energy consumption, and help further improve the national energy security.
Third, in the field of battery technology related to new energy, from lithium battery to hydrogen energy battery, it is the inevitable choice of the times to develop a diversified battery technology route with high resource self-sufficiency, controllable cost and marketable commercial process in the future.
"Green power + energy storage" opened the second largest circuit of new energy. Energy storage, in short, is to store energy through media or equipment and release it when needed. Energy storage is the key equipment for the reliability construction of the new generation power grid. Through deep cooperation with the power supply side, the power grid side and the user side system, it can act as a "buffer pad" between the power generation side and the power consumption side, and play a key role in reducing power abandonment, peak shaving and valley filling, power grid frequency modulation, smooth output and other "buffer paths". It can deal with the randomness, volatility and fragmentation of new energy power generation, solve the problem of new energy power consumption, and ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid through peak shaving and frequency modulation. The deepening development of energy storage in household, industrial and commercial use and other scenarios has effectively alleviated the problems of high global energy prices and high overseas electricity prices. The integrated development of energy storage system and all links of power system is a key link to realize the construction of new power system.
The new energy market has huge incremental space and the competition pattern is uncertain. There will be a major reshuffle in the future. It is still unknown who will win. In the long run, if we don't invest in new energy now, it's like we didn't buy a house 20 years ago. In the future, only new energy itself can innovate the energy life.
catalogue
1 energy storage: a key link to realize the construction of new power system
2 energy storage technology: multi technology route coordination, accelerating application
3. China's energy storage: breaking through the short link of power generation and consumption in the new energy era
3.1 energy storage at power supply side: "clean electricity transporter"
3.2 power grid side energy storage: "safety and stability are guaranteed"
3.3 user side energy storage: "multiple scenarios promote development"
4. Future energy storage: development trend and Prospect
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1 energy storage: a key link to realize the construction of new power system
Since 2020, first, the price of "traditional power generation energy" represented by coal and natural gas in the world has increased sharply; second, the proportion of "unstable power generation" such as wind power and photovoltaic power has increased, and the imbalance of global power supply and demand has been accompanied.
This imbalance is reflected in three aspects:
1) The imbalance in "quantity", that is, the curve of new energy generation and power consumption cannot be matched in real time. Limited by the resource endowment itself, natural resources such as scenery are unevenly distributed in a day, and the peak of power generation is different from the peak of power consumption.
2) The imbalance in "quality", i.e. the instantaneous fluctuation and intermittence of power generation and the mismatching of power grid regulation capacity. Wind power, photovoltaic and other new energy power generation forms aggravate the daily fluctuation, instantaneous fluctuation and intermittence of power generation, and put forward higher requirements for the frequency modulation capacity and safety and stability of the power grid.
3) The imbalance in "price", i.e. the benchmark electricity price and the medium and long-term transaction electricity price have a certain lag. On the one hand, the cost of coal used by traditional thermal power enterprises is high, but it is unable to realize the real-time transmission through electricity price at the income end and passively "switch off and limit electricity"; On the other hand, the new energy power price can not fully reflect the real-time power supply and demand structure.
The energy storage system provides conditions for solving the above three imbalances.
In terms of power consumption, energy storage realizes the process of storing energy when it is not needed and releasing energy when it is needed. Energy storage technology is changing the mode that all links of power production, transmission and use must be completed synchronously. Just like the high-capacity version of "rechargeable treasure", it can be used as a load to charge when the power consumption is low, and can be used as a power source to release electric energy when the power consumption is high.
In terms of power quality, energy storage can achieve rapid, stable and accurate charge and discharge regulation, and can provide peak shaving, frequency modulation, standby, demand response and other services for the power grid. It is an important link in the construction of flexible power system and realizes the more friendly interaction between "power grid and energy storage".
In terms of electricity price, with the gradual participation of energy storage projects in electricity spot market transactions, in addition to participating in peak shaving and frequency modulation and other auxiliary services for revenue in the future, we can also use electricity purchase and discharge in different periods of negative electricity price and high electricity price to obtain electricity price difference revenue. Solve the problem of large price difference between peak and valley, reduce the cost of electricity charges on the user side, and promote the further development of electricity spot trading marketization.
As an important part of the new power system construction, energy storage is an important link of "source network load storage". Energy storage connects energy production and energy consumption at the same time, covering all aspects of power production and distribution, realizing service upgrading and service value-added of the traditional power grid system, and providing an important supplement to the traditional power generation transmission consumption system with "source grid load" as the main body. In the power system where the proportion of new energy is gradually increasing, it plays an important role in further optimizing the system resource allocation.
2 energy storage technology: multi technology route coordination, accelerating application
During the 14th Five Year Plan period, higher requirements were put forward for the construction of new energy technologies, new models and new business forms. Many national and local departments have successively issued a number of support policies for the development of energy storage industry to vigorously promote the development of energy storage industry. The policies focus on such major fields as the promotion of various technologies, the implementation of energy storage projects, and the improvement of electricity price mechanism.
According to the 14th five year plan for scientific and technological innovation in the energy field, by 2025, the mainstream energy storage technology will generally reach the world's advanced level, and the electrochemical energy storage and compressed air energy storage technology will enter the commercial demonstration stage. China's new energy storage construction mainly covers two major objectives:
First, it is necessary to develop large-capacity and long-term energy storage devices and system integration, i.e. energy type and capacity type energy storage, for application scenarios such as peak shaving and valley filling and renewable energy grid connection. Including lithium-ion batteries, lead-carbon batteries, high-power liquid flow batteries, sodium ion batteries, large-scale compressed air, mechanical energy storage, thermal and cold storage, hydrogen storage, etc.
Second, it is necessary to carry out research on long-life and high-power energy storage devices and system integration, i.e. power type and standby type energy storage, for application scenarios such as enhancing power grid frequency modulation, smoothing intermittent renewable energy power fluctuations, and capacity backup. Including superconducting, dielectric capacitors and other electromagnetic energy storage, electrochemical supercapacitors, high rate lithium-ion batteries, flywheel energy storage, etc.
Energy storage facilities of different technical categories have different application scenarios. For example, lithium battery, pumped storage and other capacity energy products are suitable for peak shaving scenarios, and flywheel energy storage and other power products are suitable for frequency modulation scenarios. Due to the different charging and discharging rates and terminal requirements, the versatility of various technical types of energy storage systems is limited, so it is necessary and urgent to develop diversified energy storage routes.
From the technical principle, the current energy storage technology path mainly includes physical mechanical energy storage, electrochemical energy storage, electrical energy storage, thermal energy storage and other key categories. Physical mechanical energy storage includes pumped storage, compressed air storage and flywheel storage; Electrochemical energy storage can be divided into lead-acid battery, lithium-ion battery, sodium sulfur battery and liquid flow battery according to the materials of positive and negative electrodes, among which lithium-ion battery is the current mainstream choice; Electrical energy storage includes superconducting energy storage and super capacitor energy storage; Chemical energy storage mainly includes hydrogen storage by electrolytic water and synthetic natural gas storage; Thermal energy storage includes molten salt energy storage and cold storage.
Among many technologies, pumped energy storage in physical mechanical energy storage and lithium battery energy storage in electrochemical energy storage are the mainstream choices for energy storage development. From the perspective of market mainstream, first, pumped storage accounts for the highest proportion of the total installed capacity. According to cnesa global energy storage database, the total installed capacity of global energy storage in 2021 is 205gw, with pumped storage accounting for 86%, reaching 177gw. The installed capacity of electrochemical energy storage accounts for 10%, about 21gw. Second, in the newly installed capacity, the electrochemical energy storage increases the fastest. In 2021, the global installed capacity of new energy storage is 13GW, with pumped storage accounting for 40%, 5.3gw, and electrochemical storage accounting for 57%, 7.5GW.
Pumped storage is to use water as the energy storage medium to realize the storage and management of electric energy through the mutual transformation of electric energy and potential energy. When the power consumption is low, the surplus power is used to pump water from the low elevation reservoir to the high elevation reservoir; During the peak load of the power grid, the high elevation reservoir discharges water and flows back to the low elevation reservoir to promote the hydro generator to release electric energy. Specifically, pumped storage is the most mature and economical energy storage mode at present, which is suitable for large-scale peak shaving and long-time frequency modulation. Pumped storage is mainly carried out around the power grid company, which is greatly restricted by the geographical environment and has a long construction period.
Electrochemical energy storage is divided into lithium-ion battery, lead-acid battery, sodium sulfur battery, liquid flow battery, etc. according to the materials of positive and negative electrodes. Lithium ion is the current mainstream route, and sodium ion battery, all vanadium liquid flow battery and other energy storage technology routes are also developing vigorously. The electrochemical energy storage has high energy conversion efficiency and fast response speed, which can effectively meet the peak shaving and frequency modulation requirements of the power system. The power and energy can be flexibly configured according to different application requirements, almost not affected by environmental factors such as geographical location. In addition, the safety of vanadium battery electrolyte is higher, and the storage of sodium element in sodium battery is rich. In the future, many kinds of electrochemical energy storage technologies will develop in a coordinated manner. Recently, Ningde times and other enterprises have begun to lead the layout in the field of new technology routes.
3. China's energy storage: breaking through the short link of power generation and consumption in the new energy era
In the new power system, the new energy storage can be applied in various scenarios at the generation side, the grid side and the user side.
3.1 energy storage at power supply side: "clean electricity transporter"
New energy wind power and photovoltaic power generation are rising, accounting for a high proportion of social electricity consumption. In 2021, the national photovoltaic power generation capacity will be 325.9 billion kwh, with a year-on-year increase of 25.1%; The national wind power generation capacity was 652.6 billion kwh, an increase of 40.5% year on year. The cumulative power generation of wind power and photovoltaic power totaled 978.5 billion kwh, with a year-on-year increase of 35.0%, accounting for 11.7% of the total electricity consumption of the whole society, breaking through 10% for the first time.
However, at the same time, the absolute amount of abandoned wind and abandoned solar power increased significantly. In 2021, the national wind power was 20.61 billion kwh, and the solar power was 6.78 billion kwh. The total amount of abandoned power is about 26.748 billion kwh, with a year-on-year increase of about 22.7%. Tibet, Qinghai and other provinces have a high light rejection rate, and the photovoltaic utilization rate is only 86.2% and 80.2%. In the future, with the power supply structure inclined to the wind and the wind, the new energy power generation will rise sharply, and the amount of wind and solar energy will keep rising for a period of time in the future. The problem of new energy power generation consumption and grid connection cannot be underestimated, and the energy storage system needs to be actively used to solve the problem of power abandonment.
On the power supply side, the energy storage system will be an important hand for peak shaving and valley filling of the power supply, and will become a "Porter of clean electricity". In the future, China's power supply structure will still be dominated by coal-fired power generation, and the "traditional + new energy" hybrid power generation mode will be parallel. When the power consumption is low, the coal-fired unit can be flexibly adjusted to reduce the overall power generation to the minimum output limit. However, if the power generation supply is still higher than the power demand at this time, the traditional energy end cannot be further regulated, and only the new energy end can choose to abandon light and wind. After the energy storage system is added, the flexible scheduling and the interaction of source network load and storage become possible. During the peak period of wind power and photovoltaic power generation, the energy storage system "charges" to absorb new energy and effectively reduce the light rejection rate; When there is no wind or light, the energy storage system "discharges" to support the normal operation of the power system.
Energy storage is conducive to smooth the output of renewable energy, reduce the wind and light waste of new energy wind power and photovoltaic, and improve the grid connected consumption level of new energy power. The guiding opinions on accelerating the development of new energy storage put forward that it is necessary to "vigorously promote the construction of energy storage projects at the power supply side", lay out new energy power stations with energy storage, ensure the efficient consumption of new energy, and provide capacity support and certain peak shaving capacity for the power system.
3.2 power grid side energy storage: "safety and stability are guaranteed"
In the traditional thermal power and hydropower systems, the strong coupling between the generator and the power system can provide the system inertia and maintain the frequency relatively stable. In the wind power and photovoltaic power generation systems, the new energy power is connected to the power grid through the power electronic controller equipment. First, the inertia of the system is weak and the frequency modulation ability is poor. Second, the new energy power generation itself has the characteristics of instantaneous fluctuation, intermittence and unpredictability. When a large number of new energy power generation is connected to the grid, the fluctuation of the grid will be increased. If the grid regulation capacity does not match, the frequency stability of the grid will be challenged and the security of the grid will be impacted.
Compared with the traditional frequency modulation, the energy storage system has strong climbing ability, fast response rate and adjustment rate, and high adjustment accuracy. It can effectively avoid the problems of adjustment delay, adjustment deviation, and adjustment reversal, and the comprehensive frequency modulation capability is better. New energy storage systems such as flywheel energy storage join the FM auxiliary market, which can effectively ensure the safe and stable operation of the power grid. According to the guiding opinions on accelerating the development of new energy storage, it is necessary to "actively promote the rational distribution of energy storage on the grid side" and improve the system's flexible regulation ability, safety and stability after large-scale and high-proportion new energy and large-capacity DC access.
Energy storage and frequency modulation, as an important part of power grid auxiliary services, has a high degree of marketization. The energy storage entity can execute the power grid frequency modulation command through market-based bidding, and the frequency modulation performance determines the profitability of the project. The comprehensive frequency modulation capability of the energy storage system is mainly measured by the value of K, which is mainly affected by the response speed (K1), regulation rate (K2) and regulation accuracy (K3), of which the regulation rate (K2) is the most important index. Secondary frequency modulation is the main link of energy storage participating in frequency modulation, and the price mechanism is relatively mature. In the future, relevant subjects will participate in the primary frequency modulation of the market, and relevant mechanisms will be gradually implemented. In June 2022, the implementation rules for the management of new energy storage grid connected operation and auxiliary services in the southern region clearly defined the principle of "who provides, who gains, who benefits, and who bears". The compensation costs of power users participating in primary frequency modulation, secondary frequency modulation, peak shaving and other auxiliary services are shared by all grid connected entities such as power generation enterprises and market-oriented power users. The notice on the detailed rules for the implementation of Shanxi electric power primary frequency modulation market transactions (for Trial Implementation) proposes that new energy enterprises are encouraged to purchase primary frequency modulation services from independent energy storage operators through bilateral negotiation transactions.
3.3 user side energy storage: "multiple scenarios promote development"
Under the trend of energy transformation, there are more new energy grid connected terminals, and the terminal power demand is wider. The user demand will also be upgraded from "using electricity" to "using electricity well". The electric energy development strategies of "replacing oil with electricity" and "replacing coal with electricity" continued to be promoted. In the first half of 2022, the production and sales of new energy vehicles increased rapidly, the market penetration rate exceeded 20%, and the market ownership officially exceeded 10 million. In the future, the market potential of diversified power demand side responses such as industry and commerce, industrial parks, port banks, air conditioners, electric heating, electric vehicles, charging piles, etc. is huge. In the future, the load structure of the new power system will be more diversified, and the demand for intelligent control and two-way interaction on the user side will be deeper. It is inevitable that the energy storage on the user side will lead the transformation on the power demand side.
The European and American household storage scenarios drive new demand, and the development potential of global user side energy storage is huge. Since 2020, global energy prices have risen, overseas inflation has been high, and electricity prices in Europe and America have increased significantly. In this context, the high electricity consumption cost of residents has intensified the explosion of overseas household energy storage demand. According to IHS Markit data, the installed capacity of household energy storage in Europe reached 1717mwh in 2021, with a year-on-year increase of 60.2%. According to the data of American Clean Energy Association (ACP), in the first half of 2022, the United States added 5gwh battery energy storage, with a year-on-year growth of more than 30%. Through the "photovoltaic + energy storage" mode, household energy storage can greatly save the electricity purchase and consumption costs of overseas households. Chinese suppliers play an important role in the core links of the global household energy storage system, such as photovoltaic modules, inverters and battery cells. From January to June 2022, the cumulative export value of solar cell modules was US $22.3 billion, an increase of 96% year-on-year; Inverter exports reached US $3.1 billion, up 47% year-on-year; Lithium battery exports increased by more than 75% year-on-year.
The user side energy storage is developed in multiple scenarios, covering various end users such as industrial parks, commercial centers, data centers, 5g communication base stations, charging facilities, distributed new energy, and micro grids. For example, in industrial and commercial scenarios, energy storage as a backup power supply can not only ensure the power supply under special circumstances, but also save the power consumption cost for industrial and commercial enterprises. The national energy administration requires that "the proportion of photovoltaic power generation that can be installed on the total roof area of industrial and commercial plants should not be less than 30%". Light storage coordination promotes the basic balance between local energy production and energy consumption load. Light storage integration is an important direction in the future.
The deepening development of user side energy storage has given birth to new technologies and new business models, such as virtual power plants. Virtual power plants can focus on user side resources, rely on big data, cloud computing, artificial intelligence, blockchain and other technologies, and use communication, metering, algorithm scheduling and other means to intelligently connect residential user side, industrial and commercial user side, distributed new energy facilities and other energy storage system resources. Unified dispatching management, analysis, control and optimization of system operation, participation in grid services to obtain application benefits, and ultimately achieve efficient utilization of power generation and consumption resources.
4. Future energy storage: development trend and Prospect
1. Standardizing and improving various standards to promote the development of the energy storage industry and creating a good development environment are the foundation for the long-term and healthy development of China's energy storage industry.
We will deepen research and improve relevant industrial standards that promote the development of energy storage, including product equipment technical quality standards, safety mandatory testing and certification system standards, planning, design and dispatching operation standards, etc., and fully consider the collaborative integration of new energy storage in power generation, transmission and distribution.
On the one hand, according to the demand of energy storage development and safe operation, improve the industry access conditions and trading mechanism standards. Establish and improve the technical standard system of the whole energy storage industry chain. The safety standards and management system for the manufacturing, construction, installation and operation monitoring of energy storage equipment should be specific to different application scenarios, and strengthen the connection between the energy storage application and the relevant standards of the current energy and power system. In June 2022, the National Energy Administration's "25 key requirements for preventing power production accidents" proposed that medium and large chemical energy storage power stations should not use ternary lithium batteries and sodium sulfur batteries, and should not use power batteries for echelon utilization.
On the other hand, the operation standard of big data center of multi type battery energy storage power station is standardized, and the battery traceability mechanism, big data remote control and intelligent operation and maintenance system are established. For energy storage batteries, especially for echelon utilization of energy storage batteries, it is an important link to ensure the safety and reliability of energy storage configuration to establish a battery consistency management and traceability system, obtain the safety assessment report issued by the corresponding qualification institution, establish an online monitoring platform, monitor the battery performance parameters in real time, and conduct regular maintenance and safety assessment.
Establish a carbon footprint that can trace and query the whole life cycle, and promote the export of energy storage batteries. From the production and manufacturing of upstream materials to the use and decommissioning of energy storage batteries in the whole life cycle, we pay attention to the control of carbon emissions, which can effectively meet the needs of overseas markets with strict carbon emission policies. The carbon footprint certification system of the energy storage battery industry chain is an important indicator to measure international competitiveness.
2. Exploring new business models of energy storage, such as shared energy storage, cloud energy storage and energy storage aggregation, is a key innovation to accelerate the pace of marketization in the future.
In terms of operation mode, in addition to self construction and purchase, new energy power stations can also use leasing and other forms to configure energy storage, giving play to the sharing role of "one station for multiple purposes" of energy storage. By building a shared energy storage trading platform and an operation monitoring system, and rationally distributing income through marketization, the new energy power station can reduce the capital expenditure in the early stage, and the investor can obtain the operating lease fee in the later stage.
In terms of investment subjects, we will attract many types of subjects to enter the market, explore new models, and accelerate the progress of marketization. For example, power generation enterprises and energy storage operators can jointly invest. In this way, the energy storage originally allocated by the new energy power station can be transferred to the centralized construction of social capital.
On the demand side of users, explore new power information management modes such as virtual power plants, and use digital technology to carry out platform aggregation and utilization of distributed energy storage facilities. For example, enterprise users and comprehensive energy service providers can independently build user side energy storage according to the load characteristics of users; The third-party virtual power plant operators can aggregate the large-scale but dispersed micro and micro entities, realize demand side response, actively cut peak and fill valley, optimize regional power grid load, and realize two-way interaction of source load.
3. Developing energy storage technology routes with high self-sufficiency rate of resources, such as sodium ion batteries, all vanadium flow batteries, hydrogen energy storage, etc., is an important link to strengthen China's energy security and strengthen the control ability of the whole energy storage industry chain.
At present, China has established an energy storage industry chain with pumped storage and lithium batteries as the main body. However, nickel and cobalt in lithium batteries are scarce and have a high degree of external dependence, which will become a potential risk factor for continuing to choose the energy storage development path based on lithium batteries. Therefore, the development of diversified energy storage technology with high resource self-sufficiency rate is an inevitable choice in the future.
The diversified technical route for the development of energy storage batteries should take into account the availability of resources, cost control and commercialization process. First, we should pay attention to the availability of resources. There are abundant raw materials for sodium ion batteries, magnesium ion batteries and all vanadium flow batteries. Among them, China is rich in magnesium and vanadium resources, accounting for more than 70% of the world's magnesium output and 66% of the world's vanadium output. Hydrogen energy storage can be produced by electrolysis of excess electricity and used for power generation. Raw materials are easy to obtain and can be recycled indefinitely. The resource side is guaranteed, which can effectively disperse the current industry's dependence on lithium, nickel, cobalt and other resources. Second, it is necessary to break through the shortcomings of multi-element battery technology at the level of market-oriented commercial promotion. For example, it is necessary to find a negative electrode material for sodium ion batteries that takes into account both economy and safety; Effectively solve the problems of voltage lag and passivation of positive electrode materials of magnesium based batteries, make their chemical properties more stable and have higher safety; It can effectively solve the problem that hydrogen storage loses about 60% of initial electric energy in the energy storage cycle, and improve the safety and storage efficiency of hydrogen transportation and storage. It can not only realize the development of energy storage technology with high resource self-sufficiency rate, but also achieve breakthroughs in key technical links and promote large-scale commercialization.
We will focus on supporting the development of energy storage technologies with high resource self-sufficiency, intensify resource exploration, and mobilize production enterprises, scientific research institutions and other entities to participate in development and commercial use. On the basis of resource endowment, we will improve the capacity of independent supply of resources, promote the development of relevant technologies through policy preference and investment support, and help promote energy security and energy transformation.
Deep mining system integration is the key energy storage technology. We will deepen collaborative innovation in industry, University, research and application, carry out demonstration applications, and focus on promoting technological breakthroughs in large-capacity and long-term energy storage, research and development of core technology and equipment, system integration, and energy storage safety protection.
4. Deepening the development of the market-based electricity price mechanism and further improving the spot electricity trading are effective guarantees for adding diversified auxiliary varieties and accelerating the entry of diversified energy storage entities.
Due to the characteristics of real-time transaction and real-time settlement, power spot transaction can better reflect the market supply and demand and cost, and better find the price. We will improve the peak valley electricity price policy, implement the time of use electricity price and peak electricity price, promote spot electricity trading, effectively use the peak valley price difference, and create greater market space for the development of energy storage on the user side. On the one hand, the spot trading of electricity promotes the consumption of new energy generation by energy storage entities; on the other hand, through the effective use of the market peak valley price difference, it opens up space for the profit of energy storage projects.
We will improve the market mechanism for energy storage entities to participate in electric power auxiliary services, and allow new energy storage entities to register and trade as market entities. Establish the power grid side and user side electricity price mechanism. At the power grid side, formulate the nuclear price range of the power grid side energy storage charging electricity price, and establish the power grid side independent energy storage power station capacity electricity price mechanism. Promote new and diversified energy storage varieties such as fast frequency modulation, climbing, inertia support and standby to participate in power market transactions as market subjects. On the user side, establish a new mechanism for sharing the adjustable load of users in the power market to participate in the market, support the user side energy storage resources to participate in the power system regulation service, clarify the service compensation scope and share responsibility, and cultivate more qualified participants in the power spot market.